What characterizes extreme turbulence?

Extreme turbulence is characterized by the aircraft being violently tossed about, which can lead to significant structural damage to the aircraft. During extreme turbulence, the forces acting on the aircraft are so intense that they can exceed design limits, putting stress on various components. This type of turbulence is unpredictable and can cause a sudden and severe drop in altitude or variation in altitude.

As a result, not only are the aircraft occupants physically thrown against their seatbelts due to the drastic movements, but there is also an increased risk of damage to the aircraft itself. Recognizing this category of turbulence is crucial for pilots and flight attendants, as appropriate precautions and responses must be implemented to protect the safety of everyone onboard.

While other types of turbulence can cause a variety of discomforts to passengers and might result in some movement of unsecured items, they do not approach the violent and damaging characteristics of extreme turbulence.